Resources on Fair Trade

WFTO values the academic works done in the field of Fair Trade. We have collated these with the intention to provide freely accessible information to everyone who is interested in learning more about Fair Trade and its impact on many different spheres. We use some relevant researches, especially impact studies, to inform us in our policy- and decision-making. However, the results, recommendations and opinions forwarded by authors do not necessarily reflect the official policy and position of the WFTO. We hope that sharing these resources will encourage more academic debates and further investigations on Fair Trade and relevant issues that could potentially result in information beneficial for WFTO, and the Fair Trade movement in general, to help us tackle current challenges and bring Fair Trade as a global solution, now and in the future.

If you know a relevant study not listed here and can be freely shared, please contact us. We’d be happy to add it on the list.

Grouped by topics and listed using title and the name of the author:

NEW!!! 
FAST FASHION ISSUES

• (Movie) The True Cost by Andrew Morgan (Director)
• (Documentary) Unravel by Soul Rebel Films 
• The Hidden Cost of Fast Fashion: Worker Safety by Renee Dudley, Arun Devnath and Matt Townsend
• Fashion clothing - where does it all end up? by G. Birtwistle and C.M. Moore
• Can Fast Fashion Really be Sustainable? by Raz Godelnik
• "Fast Fashion" an evil machine that exploits consumers, the planet's resources and garment workers by Livia Firth
• Overdressed: The Shocking High Cost of Cheap Fashion by Elizabeth L. Cline
• (Short video) The Business of Fast Fashion by Online MBA
• H&M: can fast fashion and sustainability ever really mix? by Oliver Balch 

AGRICULTURE

• Re-embedding Global Agriculture: The International Organic and Fair Trade Movements by Laura T. Raynolds. 
• Growing Ethical Networks: the Fair Trade Market for Raw and Processed Agricultural Products by Cathy Farnworth and Michael Goodman.
• Organic Agriculture as an Opportunity for Sustainable Agricultural Development by Verena Seufert.
• Organic Agriculture by European Commission.
• The Relationship Between Trade and Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Central America by Carlos Pomareda and Carlos Murillo.
• Agro-Food Chains and Networks for Development - Issues, Approaches and Strategies by Ruerd Ruben, Maja Slingerland and Hans Nijhoff.
• Agroecology as a Transdisciplinary, Participatory and Action-oriented Approach by V.E. Méndez, Christopher M. Bacon and R. Cohen.
• A Survey of Information Systems Reaching Small Producers in Global Agricultural Value Chains by Tapan S. Parikh, Neil Patel, Yael Schwartzman.
• Agroecology, Small Farms, and Food Sovereignty by Miguel A. Altieri.
• Fair Trade and Organic Agriculture in Developing Countries: A Review by Priyanka Parvathi and Hermann Waibe.

Case Studies 

• Unlocking Sesame Farmers’ Potential for Fair Trade in Southern Tanzania by Andrea Schulz and Jennifer Mbuvi.  
• Market Access, Organic Farming and Productivity: The Determinants of Creation of Economic Value on a Sample of Fair Trade Affiliated Thai Farmers by Leonardo Becchetti, Pierluigi Conzo and Giuseppina Gianfreda.
• Fair trade in the Eastern Cape : An Examination of its Socio-economic Impact and Challenges among Emerging Black Farmers by Tanaka Candida Mugabe.
• An Appraisal of the Socio-economic Impacts and Challenges of Fair Trade among Emerging Farmers in the Eastern Cape, South Africa by Philani Moyo and Tanaka C. Mugabe.
• The Effects of Fair Trade on Marginalised Producers: An Impact Analysis on Kenyan Farmers by Leonardo Becchetti and Marco Costantino.
• Agrarian Change, Agroecological Transformation and the Coffee Crisis in Costa Rica by Nicholas L. Babin.
• Small-scale farmers and climate change How can farmer organisations and Fairtrade build the adaptive capacity of smallholders? by Jessica Frank and Chris Penrose Buckley.
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BANANAS

• Just Bananas? Fair Trade Banana Production in the Dominican Republic by Aimee Shreck.
• Fair Trade and Eastern Caribean Banana Farmers: Rhetoric and Reality in the Anti-Globalization Movement by Mark Moberg.
• Weed Management Challenges in Fairtrade Banana Farm Systems in the Windward Islands of the Caribbean by Wendy-Ann P. Isaac, Richard A.I. Brathwaite and Wayne G. Ganpat.
• Fair Trade Banana Production in the Windward Islands: Local survival and Global Resistance by Anna McLoughlin Torgerson.
• Impact of Fair Trade Bananas - Summary and Management Response to an Independent Impact Study by Sally Smith.
• An Evaluation of Fairtrade Impact on Smallholders and Workers in the Banana Sector in northern Colombia [Final Report] by Carlos F. Ostertag, Oscar A. Sandoval, Juan F. Barona, Carolina Mancilla - Corporation for Rural Business Development & Max Havelaar Foundation NL.
• The Case Against Cheap Bananas: Lessons from the EU-Caribbean Banana Agreement by Gavin Fridell.
• Unpeeling the banana trade - A Fairtrade Foundation Briefing Paper by Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International (FLO)

CHILD LABOUR

• The Political Economy of Child Labor and Its Impacts on International Business by S.L. Bachman.
• Fair Trade and Child Labour by Shima Baradaran and Stephanie Barclay.

CLIMATE CHANGE

• Climate Change, Agricultural Adaptation and Fairtrade Identifying the Challenges and Opportunities by Valerie Nelson, John Morton, Tim Chancellor, Peter Burt, Barry Pound.
• Fairtrade and Climate Change - Fifth Max Havelaar Lecture by Max Havelaar Foundation NL.
• Fair Trade and Harmonization of Climate Change Policies in Europe by Laurent Viguier.

CLOTHING & APPAREL 

• Apparel Industry Trends - From Farm to Factory by Haley Wrinkle, Elin Eriksson and Adrienne Lee.
• Fashion Victim: The Impact of Fair Trade Concerns on Clothing Choice by Deirdre Shaw, Gillian Hogg, Elaine Wilson, Edward Shiud and Louise Hassan.

COCOA

• Drivers and Barriers to Sustainable Purchasing Practices in the Cocoa Sector by David Phillips and AnneTallontire.
• Economic Viability of Ethical Cocoa Trading in Ecuador by Chris Collinson and Marcelo Leon.

Case Studies 

• Monitoring Impact of Faitrade Initiatives: A Case Study of Kuapa Kokoo and the Day Chocolate Company by Loraine Ronchi.
• Social Impact of Ethical and Conventional Cocoa Trading on Forest-Dependent People in Ecuador by Valerie Nelson and Modesto Galvez.
• New Thinking in International Trade? A Case Study of the Day Chocolate Company by Bob Doherty.

COFFEE

• Cultivating Sustainable Coffee: Persistent Paradoxes by Christopher M. Bacon, Ernesto Mendez and Jonathan Fox. 
• Consumer/Producer Links in Fair Trade Coffee Networks by Laura T. Raynolds. 
• Caffeine and Conservation by Timothy G. O’Brien and Margaret F. Kinnaird.
• Alternative trade initiatives and income predictability: Theory and evidence from the coffee sector by Jason Potts.
• The Future of Fair Trade Coffee: Dilemmas Facing Latin America's Small-Scale Producers by Douglas L. Murray, Laura T. Raynolds and Peter L. Taylor.
• Fairtrade in coffee: A study of opportunities and limitations for newcomers by Sigurd Fabrin.
• A Blueprint to End Hunger in the Coffee Lands by Specialty Coffee Assosiation of America.
• Small Growers and Coffee Marketing-Issues and Perspective from the Field by C. Upendranadh and C. A. Subbaiah.
• Ecological processes and farmer livelihoods in shaded coffee production by V. Ernesto Méndez and Christopher M. Bacon. 
• Conventional food plot management in an organic coffee cooperative:  explaining the paradox by K.S. Morris, V.E. Méndez,  S.T. Lovell and M. Olson.
• Forging New Consumer/ Producer Links in Fair Trade Coffee Networks by Laura T.  Raynolds.
• A fair share for smallholders - A value chain analysis of the coffee sector by Bart Slob.
• Coffee, co-operatives and competition: The impact of fair trade by Anna Milford.
• The Impact of Fair Trade Coffee on Economic Efficiency and the Distribution of Income by Gareth P. Green and Matthew J. Warning.
• Does Fair Trade Fulfill the Claims of its Proponents? Measuring the Global Impact of Fair Trade on Participating Coffee Farmers by Chris D. Gingrich and Emily J. King
• An Economic Assessment of “Fair Trade” in Coffee by David C. Zehner.
• Brewing Justice: Fair Trade Coffee, Sustainability and Survival - Chapter 1: A Movement or a Market? by Daniel Jaffee.
• Fair trade and development goals in the coffee sector by Brooke Amy Lautz.
• Chapter 13:  From differentiated coffee markets towards alternative trade and knowledge networks by Roberta Jaffe and Christopher Bacon.

Case Studies

• Will "We" Achieve the Millennium Development Goals with Small-Scale Coffee Growers and Their Cooperatives? A Case Study Evaluating Fair Trade and Organic Coffee Networks in Northern Nicaragua by Christopher Bacon, V.E. Méndez and Martha Brown.
• Revaluing Peasant Coffee Production: Organic and Fair Trade Markets in Mexico by Muriel Calo and Timothy A. Wise. 
• The future of Fair Trade coffee: Dilemmas facing Latin America’s small-scale producers by Douglas L. Murray, Laura T. Raynolds and Peter L. Taylor.
• What Tanzania's coffee farmers can teach the world: a performance?based look at the fair trade–free trade debate by Bradley D. Parrish, Valerie A. Luzadis and William R. Bentley.
• Environmental and social responsibility in the coffee industry : a case for Oaxaca, Mexico by Natalya Rimburg.
• Strategies for Survival: Migration and Fair Trade-Organic Coffee Production in Oaxca Mexico by Jessa M. Lewis.
• Exploring the Dynamics of Full Information Product Pricing Networks: Fair Trade Coffee in Mexico by David F. Andersen, Luis F. Luna-Reyes, Andrew Whitmore, Jing Zhang and Réjean Roy.
• Fair-Trade Coffee and Commodity Fetishism: The Limits of Market-Driven Social Justice by Gavin Fridell.
• Tensions Between Firm Size and Sustainability Goals: Fair Trade Coffee in the United States by Philip H. Howard and Daniel Jaffee.
• Quality revolutions, solidarity networks, and sustainability innovations: following Fair Trade coffee from Nicaragua to California by Christopher M. Bacon.
• Confronting the Coffee Crisis: Fair Trade, Sustainable Livelihoods and Ecosystems in Mexico and Central America by Christopher M. Bacon, V. Ernesto Mendez, Stephen R. Gliessman, David Goodman and Jonathan A. Fox.
• Knowing what you grow: The story of Nicaragua’s Coffee Quality Improvement Project - An independent project evaluation for Thanksgiving Coffee Company Inc. by Christopher M. Bacon.
• Will "We" Achieve the Millennium Development Goals with Small-Scale Coffee Growers and TheirCooperatives? A Case Study Evaluating Fair Trade and Organic Coffee Networks in Northern Nicaragua by Chris M. Bacon, V. Ernesto Mendez, Martha Brown.
• Strategies for Survival: Migration and Fair Trade-Organic Coffee Production in Oaxca Mexico by Jessa M. Lewis
• 'Los meses flacos': seasonal food insecurity in a Salvadoran organic coffee cooperative by , K.S. Morris, V. E. Méndez and M.B. Olson.
• Agroecological transition of Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) agroforestry systems in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil by  E.F. Sales, V. E. Méndez, F.R. Caporal & J.C. Faria
• Fair Trade Networks in two Coffee Cooperatives of Western El Salvador: An Analysis of Insertion through a Second Level Organization - A Case Study for the Project on “Poverty Alleviation Through Participation in Fair Trade Coffee Networks: An Assessment of Current Benefits and Future Potential” by Ernesto Méndez.
• Confronting the Coffee Crisis: Can Fair Trade, Organic, and Specialty Coffees Reduce Small-Scale Farmer Vulnerability in Northern Nicaragua? by Christopher Bacon.
• A Spot of Coffee in Crisis : Nicaraguan Smallholder Cooperatives, Fair Trade Networks, and Gendered Empowerment by Christopher Bacon.
• Kilimanjaro and Oromia Coffee Value Chain Case Studies: Producer Benefits from Fair Trade and Free Market Channels by Christopher Coles.
• The Impact of Fair Trade on Producers and their Organisations.A Case Study with Coocafé in Costa Rica by Loraine Ronchi.
• Partnerships in Fairtrade coffee: a close-up look at how buyers and NGOs build supply capacity in Nicaragua by Jason Donovan and Nigel Poole.
• A Socio-Economic Impact Study of the DE Foundation Coffee Project Peru by Fédes Van Rijn.
• Fairtrade Coffee and Development a Field Study in Ethiopia by Tora Bäckman.
• The Effects of Fair Trade on Coffee Producers: A Case Study of Ethiopian Coffee Cooperatives by Yuka Kodama.
• Is Fair Trade in Coffee Production Fair and Useful? Evidence from Costa Rica and Guatemala and Implications for Policy by Coleen E. H. Berndt.
• Revisiting the "thin months"- a follow-up study on livelihoods of Mesoamerican coffee farmers by M. Caswell, V.E. Méndez, M. Baca, P. Läderach, T. Liebig, S. Castro-Tanzi and M. Fernández.
• Supporting rural livelihoods and ecosystem services conservation in the Pico Duarte coffee region of the Dominican Republic by L.H. Gross, J.D. Erickson and V.E. Méndez.
• Explaining the 'hungry farmer paradox': Smallholders and fair trade cooperatives navigate seasonality and change in Nicaragua's corn and coffee markets by , Christopher M. Bacon, William A. Sundstrom, María Eugenia Flores Gómez, V. Ernesto Méndez, Rica Santos, Barbara Goldoftas and Ian Dougherty.
• Interactions between carbon sequestration and shade tree species diversity in a smallholder coffee cooperative of El Salvador by Meryl B. Richards and V. Ernesto Méndez.
• Seasonal hunger in coffee communities: integrated analysis of livelihoods, agroecology, and food sovereignty with smallholders of Mexico and Nicaragua by  M. Fernandez, V.E.Méndez and Christopher M. Bacon.
• Farmer livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in a coffee landscape of El Salvador by V. Ernesto Méndez.
• Are sustainable coffee certifications enough to secure farmer livelihoods? The millenium development goals and Nicaragua's Fair Trade cooperatives by  C.M. Bacon, V.E. Méndez, M.E. Flores, D. Stuart and S.R. Diaz.
• Will "we" achieve the millenium development goals with small-scale coffee growers and their cooperatives? A case study evaluating Fair Trade and organic coffee networks in northern Nicaragua by C.M. Bacon, V.E. Méndez, M.E. Flores and M. Brown.
• Fair trade networks in two coffee cooperatives of western El Salvador: An analysis of insertion through a second level organization.  Case Study for the Project on "Poverty Alleviation Through Participation in Fair Trade Networks" by V. Ernesto Méndez.
• Fair Trade organic coffee production in Nicaragua -Sustainable development or a poverty trap? by Joni Valkila.
• Does fair trade make a difference? The case of small coffee producers in Nicaragua by Karla Utting-Chamorro.
• Fair Trade programme evaluation - Impact Assessment of Fair Trade Programs for Coffee and Bananas in Peru, Costa Rica and Ghana by Ruerd Ruben, Ricardo Fort, Guillermo Zuniga.
• BOOK REVIEW ESSAY: A BUMPER CROP OF FAIR TRADE COFFEE BOOKS by John M. Talbot 

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

• Fair Trade provides models for Corporate Social Responsibility by Fiona Gooch and Stefan Chrobok.
• The Role of Fair Trade in Developing Corporate Social Responsibility: An Empirical Examination Base on Multiple Cases by Khuram Shahzad and Ilkka Sillanpää.

COTTON

• Disentangling the Effects of Fair Trade on the Quality of Malian Cotton by Gaëlle Balineau.
• Fair Trade Cotton in Mali by Mamadou Gaye.
• Fairtrade Cotton: Assessing Impact in Mali, Senegal, Cameroon and India - A Summary Report by Valerie Nelson and Sally Smith.
• From the Field: Travels of Uzbek Cotton Through the Value Chain by Patricia Jurewicz and Alina Shlyapochnik.
• Development of Fairtrade Cotton in India - Traidcraft Case Study (2001-2007) by Traidcraft.

ECONOMY

• The Economics of Fair Trade Coffee: For Whose Benefit? An Investigation into the Limits of Fair Trade as a Development Tool and the Risk of Clean-Washing by Pierre Kohler.
• Does Fair Trade Deliver on Its Core Value Proposition? Effects on Income, Educational Attainment, and Health in Three Countries by  Eric J. Arnould, Alejandro Plastina and Dwanye Ball.
• The Econmics of Fair Trade by Raluca Dragusanu, Daniele Giovannucci and Nathan Nunn.
• A Survey of the Economics of Fair Trade by Ana C. Dammert and Sarah Mohan.
• The Big Idea: Creating Shared Value by Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer.
• Fair Trade Without the Froth - A Dispassionate Economic Analysis of ‘Fair Trade’ by Sushil Mohan.
• Is Fair Trade a neoliberal solution to market failures or a practical challenge to neoliberal trade and the free market regime in general? by Matthias Schmelzer. 
• Creating Shared Value by  Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer
• Globalization and the Informal Economy: How Global Trade and Investment Impact on the Working Poor by  Marilyn Carr and Martha Alter Chen.
• Research on the Economic Impact of Cooperatives by Steven Deller, Ann Hoyt, Brent Hueth and Reka Sundaram-Stukel. 
• The Economics of Fair Trade by  Raluca Dragusanu, Daniele Giovannucci and Nathan Nunn.
• Fairtrade flows against economic tide by Fairtrade Ireland.
• Green Economy and Trade – Trends, Challenges and Opportunities by United Nations Environment Program - UNEP.
• Unpicking the Threads: Conclusions of a Value Chain Analysis by Christine Gent and Peter Braithwaite.
• ANNUAL IMPACT AND PERFORMANCE REPORT 2013 by Traidcraft.
• Rice Value Chain Analysis - "Each life starts with a little seed" by Corné van Dooren. 
• Fair Trade Towns USA: growing the market within a diverse economy by Sarah Lyon
• Inclusive neoliberalism? Perspectives from eastern Caribbean farmers by Thomas Klak, James Wiley, Emma Mullaney, Swetha Peteru, Seann Regan and Jean-Yves Merilus.

ETHICAL SUPPLY CHAIN

• Understanding alternative food networks: exploring the role of short food supply chains in rural development by Henk Renting, Terry K. Marsden and Jo Banks. 

FAIR LABOUR

• Consumer Demand for Fair Labor Standards: Evidence from a Field Experiment on eBay by Michael J. Hiscox, Michael Broukhim, Claire Litwin and Andrea Woloski.
• Hours of Work and the Fair Labor Standards Act: A Study of Retail and Whole Sale Trade, 1938-1950 by Dora L. Costa.

FAIR TRADE CERTIFICATION, STANDARDS AND LABELLING ISSUES

• ??Certifiably Transformative? Investigating the Drivers of Sustainable Development in Smallholder Agricultural Certification Systems by Michael Veale.
• Is Fairtrade certification greening agricultural practices? by Victoria Montanez.
• Growing Ethical Networks: the Fair Trade Market for Raw and Processed Agricultural Products by Cathy Farnworth, Michael Goodman.
• Is My Fair Trade Coffee Really Fair? Trends and Challenges in Fair Trade Certification by Kimberly Elliot.
• Environmental, Social, and Economic Impacts of Sustainability Certification in the Agricultural Sector – The Current State of Empirical Research by Julia Jawtusch, Bernadette Oehen and Urs Niggli. 
• WHEN DO PRIVATE STANDARDS WORK? LITERATURE REVIEW SERIES ON THE IMPACTS OF PRIVATE STANDARDS – PART IV by The International Trade Centre (ITC) 
• The Evidence Base for Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts of “Sustainable” Certification by Allen Blackman and Jorge Rivera.
• Upscaling the impact of sustainability certification initiatives: Enabling conditions and policy recommendations for regional development by Yuca Waarts, Lucas Judge, Johan Brons and Marieke de Ruyter de Wildt.
• Certifiably Transformative? Investigating the Drivers of Sustainable Development in Smallholder Agricultural Certification Systems by Michael Veale.
• Is My Fair Trade Coffee Really Fair? Trends and Challenges in Fair Trade Certification by Kimberly Elliot.
• Are Fair Trade Labels Good Business ? Ethics and Coffee Buying Intentions by Patrick De Pelsmacker, Liesbeth Driesen and Glenn Rayp.
• Consumer Demand for the Fair Trade Label: Evidence from a Field Experiment by J. Hainmuelle, Michael J. Hiscox and S. Sequeira.
• Evaluating the Impact of SA8000 Certification. In SA8000 The First Decade: Implementation, Influence, and Impact by Michael J. Hiscox, C. Schwartz and M. Toffel. 
• A review of ethical standards and labels: Is there a gap in the market for a new ‘Good for Development’ label? by Karen Ellis and Jodie Keane.
• The impact of Fairtrade labelling on small-scale producers - Conclusions of the first studies by Karine Laroche and Barbara Guittard.
• Is The Time Ripe For A GOOD FOR DEVELOPMENT Product Label? by Karen Ellis and Michael Warner.
• Evaluating the Impact of SA 8000 Certification by Michael J. Hiscox, C. Schwartz and M. Toffel. 
• Certification Schemes and Sustainable Rural Development: Analytical Framework for Assessment of Impacts by D. Barjolle, P. Damary and B. Schaer.
• The Evidence Base for Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts of “Sustainable” Certification by Allen Blackman and Jorge Rivera.
• The role of standards in global value chains and their Impact on economic and social upgrading by Raphael Kaplinsky.
• Searching for Fairness in FairTrade by Jérôme Ballet and Aurélie Carimentrand.
• How Fair is Fair Trade? by Robbert Maseland and Albert de Vaa.
• Does Fair Trade Deliver on Its Core Value Proposition? Effects on Income, Educational Attainment, and Health in Three Countries by Eric J. Arnould, Alejandro Plastina and Dwanye Ball.
• The Benefits of Fairtrade - A Monitoring and Evaluation Report of Fairtrade Certified Producer Organisations for 2007 by Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International (FLO) 
• The Benefits of Fairtrade – 2nd edition A Monitoring and Evaluation Report of Fairtrade Certified Producer Organizations for 2008 by Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International (FLO) 
• Monitoring the scope and benefits of Fairtrade - fourth Edition by Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International (FLO) 
• Monitoring the scope and benefits of Fairtrade - fifth Edition 2013 by Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International (FLO) 
• Making the Difference - The global Strategy for Fairtrade by Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International (FLO)

Case Studies

• Fair Trade coffee certification. A tool for rural development and environmental protection in Nicaragua? by Joni Valkila.
• The Impacts of Fair Trade Certification: Evidence From Coffee Producers in Costa Rica by Raluca Dragusanu and Nathan Nunn.
• The Impact of Coffee Certification on Smallholder Farmers in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia by Paul Hoebink, Ruerd Ruben, Willem Elbers and Bart van Rijsbergen.
• The Impact of Fair Trade Certification for Coffee Farmers in Peru by Ruerd Ruben and Ricardo Fort.
• Impacts of Fair Trade-certification on Coffee Farmers, Cooperatives, and Laborers in Nicaragua by Joni Valkila and Anja Nygren.
• Are sustainable coffee certifications enough to secure farmer livelihoods? The millenium development goals and Nicaragua's Fair Trade cooperatives by C.M. Bacon, V.E. Méndez, M.E. Flores, D. Stuart and S.R. Diaz.
• Effects of Fair Trade and organic certifications on small­scale coffee farmer households in Central America and Mexico by V. Ernesto Méndez, Christopher Bacon, Meryl Olson, Seth Petchers, Doribel Herrador, Cecilia Carranza, Laura Trujillo, Carlos Guadarrama­ Zugasti, Antonio Cordón and Angel Mendoza.
• Certification Schemes and Sustainable Rural Development: Analytical Framework for Assessment of Impacts by D. Barjolle, P. Damary and B. Schaer.
• The Evidence Base for Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts of “Sustainable” Certification by Allen Blackman and Jorge Rivera.
• Effects of Fair Trade and organic certifications on small-scale coffee farmer households in Central America and Mexico by V. E. Méndez, C.M. Bacon, M. Olson, S. Petchers, D. Herrador, C. Carranza, L. Trujillo, C. Guadarrama-Zugasti, A. Cordón and A. Mendoza.
• Developing a Fair Trade Certification Label for rice exports from Guyana and Suriname by  Graham Young, Philip Angier and Angier Griffin.
• Governance and Images: Representations of certified southern producers in high-quality design markets by Anja Nygren.
• Profits and poverty: Certification's troubled link for Nicaragua's organic and fairtrade coffee producers by Tina D. Beuchelt and Manfred Zeller
• Justified hopes or utopian thinking? The suitability of coffee certification schemes as a business model for small-scale producers by Tina Beuchelt, Manfred Zeller and Thomas Oberthür. 

FAIR TRADE CONSUMER RESEARCH 

• Evaluating the Criticisms of Fair Trade: How Strong is the Argument that Consumers and Businesses should Abandon Fair Trade as a means to Socialise their Economic Decisions? by Alastair M. Smith.
• Do Consumers Care about Ethics? Willingness to Pay for Fair Trade Coffee by Patrick De Pelsmacker, Liesbeth Driesen, Glenn Rayp.
• Consumer Willingness to Pay for Fair Trade Coffee: A Chinese Case Study by Shang-Ho Yang, Wuyang Hu, Malvern Mupandawana and Yun Liu.
• Are Consumers Willing to Pay More for Fair Trade Certified Coffee? by Adam P. Carlson.
• The Conscious Consumer: Promoting Economic Justice Through Fair Trade by Rose Benz Ericson.
• Explicit and Implicit Determinants of Fair-Trade Buying Behavior by Delphine Vantomme, Maggie Geuens, Jan DeHouwer and Patrick DePelsmacker.
• The demand for socially responsible products: empirical evidence from a pilot study on fair trade consumers by Leonardo Becchetti and Furio Camillo Rosati.
• Consumer Demand Fair Trade: New Evidence From a Field Experiment Using Ebay Auctions of Fresh Roasted Coffee by Michael J. Hiscox, Michael Broukhim and Claire S. Litwin.
• Taking flight: the rapid growth of ethical consumerism - The Ethical Purchasing Index 2001 byDeborah Doane
• The political rationalities of fair-trade consumption in the United Kingdom by  Nick Clarke, Clive Barnett, Paul Cloke and Alice Malpass. 
• Globalising the consumer: doing politics in an ethical register by Nick Clarke, Clive Barnett, Paul Cloke and Alice Malpass.
• Who are the ethical consumers? by Roger Cowe and Simon Williams.
• Targeting the ‘Mainstream’ Consumer: An Evaluation of Public Outreach Strategies in ‘Fairtrade Towns’ by Nora Große.
• The Fair Trade Consumer: Attitudes, Behaviours, and Knowledge of Fair Trade Products by Meghan Kelley.
• Exploring Fair Trade Attitude and Fair Trade Behavior of Turkish Consumers by Özge Kirezli and Zeynep Kabaday? Ku cu.
• Assuring Consumer Confidence in Ethical Trade by The Ethical Trade Fact-finding Process (ETFP).
• Consumer willingness to pay for domestic ‘fair trade’: Evidence from the United States by P.H. Howard and P. Allen.
• The Socially Conscious Consumer? Field Experimental Tests of Consumer Support for Fair Labor Standards by Jens Hainmueller and Michael J.Hiscox.
• Buying Fair Trade - European Model on Fair Trade Public Procurement by European Fair Trade Association.
• Consumer’s Willingness to Pay a Price Premium for Living Wage Products by R. Fussell and Susan Kask.
• Is There Consumer Demand for Improved Labor Standards? Evidence from Field Experiments in Social Product Labeling by Michael J. Hiscox and N. Smyth.
• Fairtrade flows against economic tide, a global consumer survey on Fairtrade by Reykia Fick.
• Consumer Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Food Labeling: A Discussion of Empirical Studies by , Jill J. McCluskey and Maria L. Loureiro.
• Fair Trade 2007:  New Facts and Figures from  an ongoing Success Story - A Report on Fair Trade in 33 Consumer Countries by Jean-Marie Krier.
• Fair Trade Consumption and the Limits to Solidarity by Sarah Lyon, Sara Ailshire and Alexadra Sehon.
• Global social preferences and the demand for socially responsible products: empirical evidence from a pilot study on fair trade consumers by Leonardo Becchetti and Furio Camillo Rosati.
• Ethical Consumerism - A Guide for Trade Unions by Irish Department of Foreign Affairs/Fairtrade International.
• Who are the ethical consumers? by Roger Cowe and SimonWilliams.

FAIR TRADE FACTS & FIGURES

• A Success Story for Producers and Consumers - Fair Trade Facts & Figures by Mark Boonman, Wendela Huisman, Elmy Sarrucco-Fedorovtsjev and Terya Sarrucco.

FAIR TRADE IMPACT STUDIES & ARTICLES

• Fair Trade and Globalization by Michael J. Hiscox. 
• WHAT DO WE REALLY KNOW ABOUT THE IMPACT OF FAIR TRADE? by Isabelle Vagneron and Solveig Roquigny.
• Creating Market Opportunities for Small Enterprises: Experiences of the Fair Trade Movement by Andy Redfern and Paul Snedker.
• Unlocking trade opportunities by Nick Robins and Sarah Roberts.
• Co-operatives and Fair-Trade by Patrick Develtere and Ignace Pollet.
• Introduction to the Symposium Multinationals: The Janus Face of Globalization by Lorraine Eden and Stefanie Lenway. 
• Fair Trade by Joseph Stiglitz. 
• A Response to the Adam Smith Report & A New Way to Think About Measuring the Content of the Fair Trade Cup by Alastair Smith.
• Fair trade: quality, market and conventions by Marie-Christine Renard. 
• Fair and Ethical Trade: An Explanation by Alastair Smith.
• Impact Evaluation of Social and Environmental Voluntary Standard Systems (SEVSS): Using theories of change - Working Paper 1 by Valerie Nelson and Adrienne Martin.
• Gender, health, labor, and inequities: a review of the fair and alternative trade literature by Vincent Terstappen, Lori Hanson, Darrell McLaughlin.
• The effects of Fair Trade when productivity differences matter by Maarten Breimer and Albert de Vaal. 
• The Fair Trade movement: parameters, issues and future research by Geoff Moore.
• The Last Ten Years: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature on the Impact of Fairtrade by Valerie Nelson, Barry Pound. 
• Understanding the impact of Fairtrade by Sally Smith. 
• What do we really know about the impact of fair trade? A synthesis by Isabelle Vagneron, Solveig Roquigny.
• Fair Trade: Overview, Impact, Challenges - Study to Inform DFID's Support to Fair Trade by Stephen Jones and Brendan Bayley
• Unfair Trade by Mark Sidwell. 
• Guest editorial: Fairtrade impacts by Valerie Nelson. 
• Fair and square: better market share, more benefits through Fairtrade by International Initiative for Impact Evaluation 
• Resources on Fair Trade by Isolina Boto and Camilla La Peccerella. 
• Measuring the impact of fair trade on development by Ruerd Ruben. 
• Impact Assesment of Fair Trade and Ethical Enterprise Development by Linda Mayoux. 
• Impact au Sud by Artisans du Monde
• The Impacts of Fair Trade by C. Philipp Riedel et al. 
• Human capital, externalities and tourism: three unexplored sides of the impact of FT affiliation on primary producers by Rachel Masika. 
• A review of the impact of Fairtrade over the last ten years by Valerie Nelson and Barry Pound. 
• Quantifying the Trade Impact of Compatibility Standards and Barriers: An Industrial Organization Perspective by Neil Gandal.
• Monitoring the scope and benefits of Fairtrade - Fourth Edition by Max Havelaar Foundation 
• Impact Investments - An emerging asset class by Nick  O’Donohoe, Christina Leijonhufvud and Yasemin Saltuk. 
• Understanding the impact of Fairtrade by Sally Smith. 
• Co-operatives and Fair-Trade by Patrick Develtere and Ignace Pollet. 
• Human capital, externalities and tourism: three unexplored sides of the impact of FT affiliation by Leonardo Bechetti, Marco Constantino and Elisa Portale.
• The effects of Fair Trade when productivity differences matter by Maarten Breimer and Albert de Vaal. 
• Does Fair Trade Promote International Development? by Paul Myers.
• Enhancing the Global Linkages of Cooperatives - The Fairtrade Option by Tomy Mathews. 
• Microtrade and the Fair Trade Movement by Prapanpong Khumon. 
• Fair Trade, Diversification and Structural Change: Towards a Broader Theoretical Framework of Analysis by Alastair M. Smith.
• The Fair Trade movement: parameters, issues and future research by Geoff Moore. 
• How Fair is Fair Trade? - Book Review by Myrna Santiago. 
• The Institutionalization of Fair Trade: More than a Degraded Form of Social Action by Corinne Gendron, Véronique Bisaillon and Ana Isabel Otero.  
• Creating Market Opportunities for Small Enterprises: Experiences of the Fair Trade Movement by Andy Redfern and Paul Snedker.
• Fair Trade, neocolonial developmentalism, and racialized power relations (pp.40-68) by Ian Hussey and Joe Curnow
• FAIR TRADE AND GLOBAL JUSTICE: The Radical Possibilities of Reform by Anna Torgerson
   

FAIR TRADE MAINSTREAMING 

• Which way to market? Exploring opportunities for marginalised producers in developing countries to supply mainstream commercial companies in the UK by Liz Humphrey. 
• Fair Trade Coffee: The Mainstream Debate by Richard M.Locke, Cate Reavis and Diane Cameron.
• Reading Tea Leaves - The Impact of Mainstreaming Fair Trade by Lindsey Bornhofft Moore.
• Competition in fairness and the consequences of mainstreaming Fairtrade by Eefje de Gelder, Albert de Vaal and Paul Driessen.
• Fair Trade in the Mainstream by Stephanie Barrientos and Sally Smith.

FAIR TRADE & ETHICAL CONSUMPTION 

• Spaces of Intention as Exclusionary Practice: Exploring Ethical Limits to ‘Alternative’ Sustainable Consumption by Raymond Bryant, Michael Goodman and Michael Redclift. 
• Introduction: Politicizing Consumption in an Unequal World by Clive Barnett, Paul Cloke, Nick Clarke and Alice Malpass.
• Does it pay to be good? by Remi Trudel and June Cotte.
• 10 Reasons to buy Fair Trade by Miles Litvinoff and John Madeley.
• Who are the ethical consumers? by Roger Cowe and Simon Williams.
• Social Labels: Tools for Ethical Trade by Simon Zadek, Sanjiv Lingayah and Maya Forstater. 
• Local and green, global and fair: the ethical foodscape and the politics of care by Kevin Morgan.
• Ethical objections to Fairtrade by Peter Griffiths.
• The role of standards in global value chains and their impact on economic and social upgrading by Raphael Kaplinsky.
• Learning to be global citizens: The rationalities of fair-trade education by J. Pykett, P.Cloke, C. Barnett, N. Clarke and A. Malpass.
• Trust In Fairtrade: The “Feel-Good” Effect by Brigitte Granville
• Doing Well By Doing Good - Increasingly, Consumers Care About Corporate Social Responsibility, But Does Concern Convert To Consumption? A Nielsen Study Report
• 2014 Conscious Consumer Study By Gibbs-rbb

Case Studies

• Fairness and Ethicality in their Place: the Regional Dynamics of Fair Trade and Ethical Sourcing Agendas in the Plantation Districts of South India by Jeff Neilson and Bill Pritchard.

FAIR TRADE & FOOD SECURITY

• Introduction: Mapping Food and Globalisation by Alexander Nützenadel and Frank Trentmann
• Food stories: consumption in an age of anxiety by Peter Jackson

FAIR TRADE & POVERTY REDUCTION

• Does Globalization Help or Hurt the World’s Poor? by Pranab Bardhan.
• Assessing the Potential of Fair Trade for Poverty Reduction and Conflict Prevention: A Case Study of Bolivian Coffee Producers by Sandra Imhof

FAIR TRADE & SUSTAINABILITY 

• Fair Miles? The concept of “food miles” through a sustainable development lens by James MacGregor and Vorley Bill.
• Sustainable Market Transformaiton in Action by The Sutainable Trade Initiative.
• Fairtrade’s Contribution to a More Sustainable World by Fairtrade International. 
• A Fair and Sustainable Trade, between Market and Solidarity: Diagnosis and Prospects by Mark Poncellet, J. Defourny and P. De Pelsmaker. 

Case Studies

• Justice, Sustainability, and the Fair Trade Movement: A Case Study of Coffee Production in Chiapas by Mark Hudson and Ian Hudson

FAIR TRADE & TOURISM

• The Economic Impacts of Fair Trade in Tourism by Linda Krause.
• The responsible Traveller: A UK Market Segmentation by Fairtrade UK.

FAIR TRADE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• How to (and how not to do) Field Work on Fair Trade and Rural Poverty by Christopher Cramer, Deborah Johnston, Bernd Mueller
  Carlos Oya and John Sender. 

GENDER STUDIES

• Fair enough? Women and Fair Trade by Louise McArdle and Pete Thomas.
• Enhancing Fairtrade for women workers on plantations: insights from Kenyan agriculture by Muhaimina Said-Allsopp and Anne Tallontire.
• Gender and Ethical Trade: A Mapping of the Issues in African Horticulture by Stephanie Barrientos, Catherine Dolan and Anne Tallontire.
• Global Trade expansion and liberalisation: gender issues and impacts - A study prepared for the Department for International Development (DFID) by Marzia Fontana and Susan Joekes.
• Women as Agents of Change - Empowering Producers through Fair Trade [Bulletin No. 173] by The Association of Commonwealth Universities.

HANDICRAFTS

• Development Projects and Life Satisfaction: An Impact Study on Fair Trade Handicraft Producers by  Leonardo Becchetti, Stefano Castriota and Nazaria Solferino. 
• Exploring the power to change: Fair Trade, development and handicraft production in Bangladesh by Ann Le Mare.
• GLOBAL MARKET ASSESSMENT FOR HANDICRAFTS by United States Agency for International Development - USAID.
• THE MAINSTREAMING OF FAIR TRADE - An Analysis of Market Opportunities for Cambodian Fair Trade Handicraft Producer Organizations by Dennis van Buren. 

HISTORY OF THE FAIR TRADE MOVEMENT

• SIXTY Years of Fair Trade - A brief history of the Fair Trade movement by European Fair Trade Association.
• The Fair Trade Network in Historical Perspective by Gavin Fridell.

POVERTY REDUCTION

• Poverty Alleviation Through Participation in Fair Trade Coffee Networks: Synthesis of Case Study Research Question Findings by Peter L. Taylor.
• Poverty Alleviation through Social Labeling Programs? Information Valuation and Willingness to Pay for Fair Trade Coffee by Arnab K. Basu and Robert L. Hicks.
• Assessing the Impact of Fairtrade on Poverty Reduction through Rural Development - Final Report by Centrum für Evaluation - Universität des Saarlandes.
• Assessing the Impact of Fairtrade on Poverty Reduction through Rural Development - Summary of Results by Centrum für Evaluation - Universität des Saarlandes.
• Poverty Alleviation Through Participation in Fair Trade Coffee Networks: Existing Research and Critical Issues by Laura T. Raynolds.
• Assessing the poverty impact of voluntary sustainability standards - Conceptual and methodological framework by Valerie Nelson, Adrienne Martin, Carlos Barahona, Barry Pound and Claire Coote.

Case Studies

• Poverty Alleviation Through Participation in Fair Trade Coffee Networks: The Case of Unión Majomut, Chiapas, Mexico by Víctor Pérezgrovas Garza and Edith Cervantes Trejo.
• Poverty Alleviation Through Participation in Fair Trade Coffee Networks: The Case of the Tzotzilotic Tzobolotic Coffee Coop Chiapas, Mexico by Maria Elena Martinez.
• Fairtrade, Employment and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia and Uganda by Christopher Cramer, Deborah Johnston, Carlos Oya and John Sender
• Assessing the Impact of Fairtrade on Poverty Reduction through Rural Development Response from the commissioning agencies TransFair Germany and Max Havelaar Foundation (Switzerland) to an Independent Impact Study on Fairtrade conducted by Ceval - Fairtrade (Deutschland) & Max Havelaar Foundation.
• Assessing the Potential of Fair Trade for Poverty Reduction and Conflict Prevention: A Case Study of Bolivian Coffee Producers by Sandra Imhof and Andrew Lee. 
• Tourism, the Poor and Other Stakeholders: Experience in Asia by Kishore Shah, Vasanti Gupta and Charlotte Boyd (Ed.)
• One Cup at a Time - Poverty Alleviation and Fair Trade in Latin America by Douglas Murray, Laura T. Raynolds and Peter L. Taylor.
• Assessing the poverty impact of sustainability standards: Fairtrade in Ghanaian cocoa by Valerie Nelson, Kwasi Opoku, Adrienne Martin, John Bugri and Helena Posthumus.
• Food sovereignty: An alternative paradigm for poverty reduction and biodiversity conservation in Latin America by M. Jahi Chappell, Hannah Wittman, Christopher M. Bacon, Bruce G. Ferguson, Luis García Barrios, Raúl García Barrios, Daniel Jaffee, Jefferson Lima, V. Ernesto Méndez, Helda Morales,  Lorena Soto-Pinto,  John Vandermeer and Ivette Perfecto.

SUGAR 

• Documentary Film and Ethical Foodscapes: Three Takes on Caribbean Sugar by Pamela Richardson-Ngwenya and Ben Richardson.

SUPPLY CHAIN ISSUES

• Making Retail Supply Chains Sustainable: Upgrading Opportunities for Developing Country Suppliers under Voluntary Quality Standards by Jeroen van Wijk, Myrtille Danse and Rob van Tulde.
• Achieving Fairness in Trading between Supermarkets and their Agrifood Supply Chains by Anne Tallontire and Bill Vorley.

SUSTAINABILITY & DEVELOPMENT

• E-Commerce for Development. The Case of Nepalese Artisan Exporters by UNDP (United Nations Development Programme).
• A Study of a Social Content Model for Sustainable Development in the Fast Fashion Industry by Junghyun Janga, Eunju Ko, Eunha Chunb and Euntaik Leec. 
• Fair trade for all: how trade can promote development by  Joseph Stiglitz and Andrew Charlton. 
• Review: Fair trade for all: how trade can promote development by Joseph Stiglitz and Andrew Charlton by Maria Vanko.
• Fair Trade organic coffee production in Nicaragua -Sustainable development or a poverty trap? by Joni Valkila. 
• Fair Trade and Free Entry: Can a Disequilibrium Market Serve as a Development Tool? by  Alain de Janvry, Craig McIntosh and Elisabeth Sadoulet.
• Does Fair Trade contribute to sustainable development? by Isolina Boto. 

• Can the Private Sector be Competitive and Contribute to Development through Sustainable Agricultural Business? A Case Study of Coffee in Latin America by Bernard Kilian, Lawrence Pratt, Connie Jones and Andrés Villalobos.
• Pro-poor certification: Assessing the benefits of sustainability certification for small-scale farmers in Asia by Emma Blackmore, James Keeley, Rhiannon Pyburn, Ellen Mangus, Lu Chen and QiaoYuhui.
• The COSA Measuring Sustainability Report - Coffee and Cocoa in 12 Countries by Laura Everage, Christina Ingersoll, Jessica Mullan, 
  Louise Salinas and Amy Childs (Eds.)
• Building Value at the Top and Bottom of the Global Supply Chain: MNC-NGO Partnerships and Sustainability by Paola Perez-Aleman and Marion Sandilands.
• The Social Dimensions of Sustainability and Change in Diversified Farming Systems by Christopher M. Bacon, Christy Getz, Sibella Kraus, Maywa Montenegro and Kaelin Holland. 
• Regulating sustainability in the coffee sector: A comparative analysis of third-party environmental and social certification initiatives by Laura T. Raynolds, Douglas Murray, Andrew Heller.
• Social and Solidarity Economy and the Challenge of Sustainable Development - A Position Paper by the United Nations Inter-Agency Task Force on Social and Solidarity Economy (TFSSE) by UN Inter-Agency Task Force on Social and Solidarity Economy.

*RESEARCH IN OTHER LANGUAGES*

French

• Le Impact du Commerce Equitable sur les Producteurs - Les Coopératives de café et de cacao en Bolivie by Benjamin Huybrechts
• Le café équitable est-ilaltermondialiste? Convergences et distances entrela filière équitable et les militants altermondialistes by Geoffrey Pleyers.
• Etude du commerce équitable dans la filière café en Bolivie by C. Chauveau, C. Eberhart.
• ETUDE D’IMPACT DU COMMERCE EQUITABLE SUR LES ORGANISATIONS ET FAMILLES PAYSANNES ET LEURS TERRITOIRES DANS LA FILIERE CAFE DES YUNGAS DE BOLIVIE by Nicolas Eberhart.
• Dispositif de mesure d’impact du commerce équitable sur les organisations et familles paysannes et leurs territoires by Nicolas Eberhart. 
• Pour un Commerce Equitable au Service des Organisations Paysannes by Agronomes et Vétérinaires sans Frontières.
• Commerce équitable et organisations de producteurs by Virginie Díaz Pedregal. 

German

• Ökologischer Landbau und Fairer Handel in Entwicklungsländern - Möglichkeiten nachhaltiger Ertragssteigerung und Beitrag zu Ernährungssicherung und Entwicklung (Status quo und Potenzialanalyse) by Michael Hesse, Katrin Rösner, Anne Hoffmann, Jörg Schumacher, Judith Königsdörfer, Sara
  Preißel, Moritz Reckling, Andreas Bürkert, Brigitte Kaufmann and Christian Hülsebusch. 
• Untersuchung der Auswirkungen von Fairtrade im Laufe der letzten zehn Jahre by Valerie Nelson und Barry Pound, Natural Resources Institute and University
  of Greenwich 
• Zahlen & Fakten zum Fairen Handel in Deutschland 2005 by Forum Fairer Handel
• Fact-Sheet: Trends und Entwicklungen im Fairen Handel 2010 by Forum Fairer Handel
• Der Faire Handel in Deutschland - Grundsätze, Wirkungen, Akteure by Forum Fairer Handel

Spanish

• La  Agroecología Como un Enfoque Transdisciplinar, Participativo y  Orientado a la  Acción by V.E. Méndez, Christopher M. Bacon and R. Cohen.
• Agroecología y la Transformación  de los Sistemas Agroalimentarios: Perspectivas Transdisciplinares y  Participativas by  V.E. Méndez, Christopher M. Bacon, R. Cohen, S.R. Gliessman and M. Gonzalez de Molina.
• Conservación de agrobiodiversidad y medios  de vida en cooperativas de café bajo sombra en Centroamérica by V.E. Méndez,  C.M. Bacon, M.B. Olson, K.S. Morris and A. Shattuck.
• Desarrollo regional y acción de base: El caso de una organización indígena de productores de café en Oaxaca by Carlos Chávez-Becker and Alejandro Natal.
• El Comercio Justo como un Enfoque para Administrar la Globalización. Ensayos de Economia Cafetera by Michael J. Hiscox.